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Many early ideas about the causes and cures of illness seem ridiculous to us today. Yet in some respects the methods for curing sick persons the medicine man of uncivilized tribes, the witch doctor, used are known to have had real value.
In early times when people became ill, they turned for help to the medicine man of the tribe. It was generally believed that sickness was caused by evil spirits, and it was the medicine man's task to drive these bad spirits out of the sick man. To do this, he would try to frighten them away by making loud noise and wearing frightening masks. Usually he would chant magic words, sing special songs, and perform special dances. Nearly always he used a particular kind of plant which was supposed to be a remedy for a particular sickness.
Some of these cures used by the medicine men did help. The plants which these early doctors used were frequently drugs now understood to be medicinal or pain-relieving. The respect and confidence which the people had in their medicine man gave sick persons hope and helped them feel better.